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* Gcc: (gcc).                           Using and Porting the GNU C compiler.
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INFO-DIR-SECTION Programming
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* gcc: (gcc).                  The GNU Compiler Collection.
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   This file documents the use and the internals of the GNU compiler.

   Published by the Free Software Foundation 59 Temple Place - Suite 330
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File: gcc.info,  Node: Code Gen Options,  Next: Offset info Option,  Prev: Submodel Options,  Up: Invoking GCC

Options for Code Generation Conventions
=======================================

   These machine-independent options control the interface conventions
used in code generation.

   Most of them have both positive and negative forms; the negative form
of `-ffoo' would be `-fno-foo'.  In the table below, only one of the
forms is listed--the one which is not the default.  You can figure out
the other form by either removing `no-' or adding it.

`-fexceptions'
     Enable exception handling. Generates extra code needed to propagate
     exceptions.  For some targets, this implies GNU CC will generate
     frame unwind information for all functions, which can produce
     significant data size overhead, although it does not affect
     execution.  If you do not specify this option, GNU CC will enable
     it by default for languages like C++ which normally require
     exception handling, and disable itfor languages like C that do not
     normally require it.  However, you may need to enable this option
     when compiling C code that needs to interoperate properly with
     exception handlers written in C++.  You may also wish to disable
     this option if you are compiling older C++ programs that don't use
     exception handling.

`-funwind-tables'
     Similar to `-fexceptions', except that it will just generate any
     needed static data, but will not affect the generated code in any
     other way.  You will normally not enable this option; instead, a
     language processor that needs this handling would enable it on
     your behalf.

`-fpcc-struct-return'
     Return "short" `struct' and `union' values in memory like longer
     ones, rather than in registers.  This convention is less
     efficient, but it has the advantage of allowing intercallability
     between GCC-compiled files and files compiled with other compilers.

     The precise convention for returning structures in memory depends
     on the target configuration macros.

     Short structures and unions are those whose size and alignment
     match that of some integer type.

`-freg-struct-return'
     Use the convention that `struct' and `union' values are returned
     in registers when possible.  This is more efficient for small
     structures than `-fpcc-struct-return'.

     If you specify neither `-fpcc-struct-return' nor its contrary
     `-freg-struct-return', GCC defaults to whichever convention is
     standard for the target.  If there is no standard convention, GCC
     defaults to `-fpcc-struct-return', except on targets where GCC is
     the principal compiler.  In those cases, we can choose the
     standard, and we chose the more efficient register return
     alternative.

`-fshort-enums'
     Allocate to an `enum' type only as many bytes as it needs for the
     declared range of possible values.  Specifically, the `enum' type
     will be equivalent to the smallest integer type which has enough
     room.

`-fshort-double'
     Use the same size for `double' as for `float'.

`-fshared-data'
     Requests that the data and non-`const' variables of this
     compilation be shared data rather than private data.  The
     distinction makes sense only on certain operating systems, where
     shared data is shared between processes running the same program,
     while private data exists in one copy per process.

`-fno-common'
     Allocate even uninitialized global variables in the data section
     of the object file, rather than generating them as common blocks.
     This has the effect that if the same variable is declared (without
     `extern') in two different compilations, you will get an error
     when you link them.  The only reason this might be useful is if
     you wish to verify that the program will work on other systems
     which always work this way.

`-fno-ident'
     Ignore the `#ident' directive.

`-fno-gnu-linker'
     Do not output global initializations (such as C++ constructors and
     destructors) in the form used by the GNU linker (on systems where
     the GNU linker is the standard method of handling them).  Use this
     option when you want to use a non-GNU linker, which also requires
     using the `collect2' program to make sure the system linker
     includes constructors and destructors.  (`collect2' is included in
     the GCC distribution.)  For systems which *must* use `collect2',
     the compiler driver `gcc' is configured to do this automatically.

`-finhibit-size-directive'
     Don't output a `.size' assembler directive, or anything else that
     would cause trouble if the function is split in the middle, and the
     two halves are placed at locations far apart in memory.  This
     option is used when compiling `crtstuff.c'; you should not need to
     use it for anything else.

`-fverbose-asm'
     Put extra commentary information in the generated assembly code to
     make it more readable.  This option is generally only of use to
     those who actually need to read the generated assembly code
     (perhaps while debugging the compiler itself).

     `-fno-verbose-asm', the default, causes the extra information to
     be omitted and is useful when comparing two assembler files.

`-fvolatile'
     Consider all memory references through pointers to be volatile.

`-fvolatile-global'
     Consider all memory references to extern and global data items to
     be volatile.  GCC does not consider static data items to be
     volatile because of this switch.

`-fvolatile-static'
     Consider all memory references to static data to be volatile.

`-fpic'
     Generate position-independent code (PIC) suitable for use in a
     shared library, if supported for the target machine.  Such code
     accesses all constant addresses through a global offset table
     (GOT).  The dynamic loader resolves the GOT entries when the
     program starts (the dynamic loader is not part of GCC; it is part
     of the operating system).  If the GOT size for the linked
     executable exceeds a machine-specific maximum size, you get an
     error message from the linker indicating that `-fpic' does not
     work; in that case, recompile with `-fPIC' instead.  (These
     maximums are 16k on the m88k, 8k on the Sparc, and 32k on the m68k
     and RS/6000.  The 386 has no such limit.)

     Position-independent code requires special support, and therefore
     works only on certain machines.  For the 386, GCC supports PIC for
     System V but not for the Sun 386i.  Code generated for the IBM
     RS/6000 is always position-independent.

`-fPIC'
     If supported for the target machine, emit position-independent
     code, suitable for dynamic linking and avoiding any limit on the
     size of the global offset table.  This option makes a difference
     on the m68k, m88k, and the Sparc.

     Position-independent code requires special support, and therefore
     works only on certain machines.

`-ffixed-REG'
     Treat the register named REG as a fixed register; generated code
     should never refer to it (except perhaps as a stack pointer, frame
     pointer or in some other fixed role).

     REG must be the name of a register.  The register names accepted
     are machine-specific and are defined in the `REGISTER_NAMES' macro
     in the machine description macro file.

     This flag does not have a negative form, because it specifies a
     three-way choice.

`-fcall-used-REG'
     Treat the register named REG as an allocable register that is
     clobbered by function calls.  It may be allocated for temporaries
     or variables that do not live across a call.  Functions compiled
     this way will not save and restore the register REG.

     It is an error to used this flag with the frame pointer or stack
     pointer.  Use of this flag for other registers that have fixed
     pervasive roles in the machine's execution model will produce
     disastrous results.

     This flag does not have a negative form, because it specifies a
     three-way choice.

`-fcall-saved-REG'
     Treat the register named REG as an allocable register saved by
     functions.  It may be allocated even for temporaries or variables
     that live across a call.  Functions compiled this way will save
     and restore the register REG if they use it.

     It is an error to used this flag with the frame pointer or stack
     pointer.  Use of this flag for other registers that have fixed
     pervasive roles in the machine's execution model will produce
     disastrous results.

     A different sort of disaster will result from the use of this flag
     for a register in which function values may be returned.

     This flag does not have a negative form, because it specifies a
     three-way choice.

`-fpack-struct'
     Pack all structure members together without holes.  Usually you
     would not want to use this option, since it makes the code
     suboptimal, and the offsets of structure members won't agree with
     system libraries.

`-fcheck-memory-usage'
     Generate extra code to check each memory access.  GCC will generate
     code that is suitable for a detector of bad memory accesses such as
     `Checker'.

     Normally, you should compile all, or none, of your code with this
     option.

     If you do mix code compiled with and without this option, you must
     ensure that all code that has side effects and that is called by
     code compiled with this option is, itself, compiled with this
     option.  If you do not, you might get erroneous messages from the
     detector.

     If you use functions from a library that have side-effects (such as
     `read'), you might not be able to recompile the library and
     specify this option.  In that case, you can enable the
     `-fprefix-function-name' option, which requests GCC to encapsulate
     your code and make other functions look as if they were compiled
     with `-fcheck-memory-usage'.  This is done by calling "stubs",
     which are provided by the detector.  If you cannot find or build
     stubs for every function you call, you might have to specify
     `-fcheck-memory-usage' without `-fprefix-function-name'.

     If you specify this option, you can not use the `asm' or `__asm__'
     keywords in functions with memory checking enabled.  GNU CC cannot
     understand what the `asm' statement may do, and therefore cannot
     generate the appropriate code, so it will reject it.  However, if
     you specify the function attribute `no_check_memory_usage' (see
     *note Function Attributes::., GNU CC will disable memory checking
     within a function; you may use `asm' statements inside such
     functions.  You may have an inline expansion of a non-checked
     function within a checked function; in that case GNU CC will not
     generate checks for the inlined function's memory accesses.

     If you move your `asm' statements to non-checked inline functions
     and they do access memory, you can add calls to the support code
     in your inline function, to indicate any reads, writes, or copies
     being done.  These calls would be similar to those done in the
     stubs described above.

`-fprefix-function-name'
     Request GCC to add a prefix to the symbols generated for function
     names.  GCC adds a prefix to the names of functions defined as
     well as functions called.  Code compiled with this option and code
     compiled without the option can't be linked together, unless stubs
     are used.

     If you compile the following code with `-fprefix-function-name'
          extern void bar (int);
          void
          foo (int a)
          {
            return bar (a + 5);
          }

     GCC will compile the code as if it was written:
          extern void prefix_bar (int);
          void
          prefix_foo (int a)
          {
            return prefix_bar (a + 5);
          }
     This option is designed to be used with `-fcheck-memory-usage'.

`-finstrument-functions'
     Generate instrumentation calls for entry and exit to functions.
     Just after function entry and just before function exit, the
     following profiling functions will be called with the address of
     the current function and its call site.  (On some platforms,
     `__builtin_return_address' does not work beyond the current
     function, so the call site information may not be available to the
     profiling functions otherwise.)

          void __cyg_profile_func_enter (void *this_fn, void *call_site);
          void __cyg_profile_func_exit  (void *this_fn, void *call_site);

     The first argument is the address of the start of the current
     function, which may be looked up exactly in the symbol table.

     This instrumentation is also done for functions expanded inline in
     other functions.  The profiling calls will indicate where,
     conceptually, the inline function is entered and exited.  This
     means that addressable versions of such functions must be
     available.  If all your uses of a function are expanded inline,
     this may mean an additional expansion of code size.  If you use
     `extern inline' in your C code, an addressable version of such
     functions must be provided.  (This is normally the case anyways,
     but if you get lucky and the optimizer always expands the
     functions inline, you might have gotten away without providing
     static copies.)

     A function may be given the attribute `no_instrument_function', in
     which case this instrumentation will not be done.  This can be
     used, for example, for the profiling functions listed above,
     high-priority interrupt routines, and any functions from which the
     profiling functions cannot safely be called (perhaps signal
     handlers, if the profiling routines generate output or allocate
     memory).

`-fstack-check'
     Generate code to verify that you do not go beyond the boundary of
     the stack.  You should specify this flag if you are running in an
     environment with multiple threads, but only rarely need to specify
     it in a single-threaded environment since stack overflow is
     automatically detected on nearly all systems if there is only one
     stack.

     Note that this switch does not actually cause checking to be done;
     the operating system must do that.  The switch causes generation
     of code to ensure that the operating system sees the stack being
     extended.

`-fstack-limit-register=REG'
`-fstack-limit-symbol=SYM'
`-fno-stack-limit'
     Generate code to ensure that the stack does not grow beyond a
     certain value, either the value of a register or the address of a
     symbol.  If the stack would grow beyond the value, a signal is
     raised.  For most targets, the signal is raised before the stack
     overruns the boundary, so it is possible to catch the signal
     without taking special precautions.

     For instance, if the stack starts at address `0x80000000' and grows
     downwards you can use the flags
     `-fstack-limit-symbol=__stack_limit'
     `-Wl,--defsym,__stack_limit=0x7ffe0000' which will enforce a stack
     limit of 128K.

     Note that this switch does not actually cause checking to be done;
     the operating system must do that.  The switch causes generation
     of code to ensure that the operating system sees the stack being
     extended.

`-fstack-limit-register=REG'
`-fstack-limit-symbol=SYM'
`-fno-stack-limit'
     Generate code to ensure that the stack does not grow beyond a
     certain value, either the value of a register or the address of a
     symbol.  If the stack would grow beyond the value, a signal is
     raised.  For most targets, the signal is raised before the stack
     overruns the boundary, so it is possible to catch the signal
     without taking special precautions.

     For instance, if the stack starts at address `0x80000000' and grows
     downwards you can use the flags
     `-fstack-limit-symbol=__stack_limit'
     `-Wl,--defsym,__stack_limit=0x7ffe0000' which will enforce a stack
     limit of 128K.

`-funaligned-pointers'
     Assume that all pointers contain unaligned addresses.  On machines
     where unaligned memory accesses trap, this will result in much
     larger and slower code for all pointer dereferences, but the code
     will work even if addresses are unaligned.

`-funaligned-struct-hack'
     Always access structure fields using loads and stores of the
     declared size.  This option is useful for code that derefences
     pointers to unaligned structures, but only accesses fields that
     are themselves aligned.  Without this option, gcc may try to use a
     memory access larger than the field.  This might give an unaligned
     access fault on some hardware.

     This option makes some invalid code work at the expense of
     disabling some optimizations.  It is strongly recommended that
     this option not be used.

`-foptimize-comparisons'
     Optimize multiple comparisons better within `&&' and `||'
     expressions.  This is an experimental option.  In some cases it can
     result in worse code.  It depends on many factors.  Now it is known
     only that the optimization works well for PPC740 and PPC750.  This
     option switches on the following transformations:
            (a != 0 || b != 0)  =>  ((a | b) != 0)
            (a == 0 && b == 0)  =>  ((a | b) == 0)
            (a != b || c != d)  =>  (((a ^ b) | (c ^ d)) != 0)
            (a == b && c == d)  =>  (((a ^ b) | (c ^ d)) == 0)
            (a != 0 && b != 0)  =>  (((a | -a) & (b | -b)) < 0)
            (a != b && c != d)  =>  x = a ^ b; y = c ^ d; (((x | -x) & (y | -y)) < 0)
            (a < 0 || b < 0)    =>  ((a | b) < 0)
            (a < 0 && b < 0)    =>  ((a & b) < 0)
            (a >= 0 || b >= 0)  =>  ((a & b) >= 0)
            (a >= 0 && b >= 0)  =>  ((a | b) >= 0)
            (a < 0 || b >= 0)   =>  ((a | ~b) < 0)
            (a < 0 && b >= 0)   =>  ((a & ~b) < 0)
            (a >= 0 || b < 0)   =>  ((~a | b) < 0)
            (a >= 0 && b < 0)   =>  ((~a & b) < 0)
            (a != 0 && b < 0)   =>  (((a | -a) & b) < 0)
            (a != 0 && b >= 0)  =>  (((a | -a) & ~b) < 0)
            (a < 0 && b != 0)   =>  (((b | -b) & a) < 0)
            (a >= 0 && b != 0)  =>  (((b | -b) & ~a) < 0)


File: gcc.info,  Node: Offset info Option,  Next: Environment Variables,  Prev: Code Gen Options,  Up: Invoking GCC

Offset info Option
==================

   `-offset-info output-file'

   This option simplifys access to C struct's from assembler.  For each
member of each structure the compiler will output a `.equ' directive to
associate a symbol with the member's offset in bytes into the
structure.  The symbol itself is the concatenation of the structure's
tag name and the member's name, separated by an underscore.

   This option will output to the specified `output-file' an assembler
`.equ' directive for each member of each structure found in each
compilation.  The `.equ' directives for the structures in a single
header file can be obtained as follows:

     gcc -fsyntax-only -offset-info m.s -x c m.h

Where `m.h' is the header containing the structures, and `m.s' is where
the directives are output.

   The following is a short example of output produced by
`-offset-info'.

     input file (for example m.h):
     
         struct W {
             double d;
             int i;
             };
     
         struct X {
             int a;
             int b;
     
             struct Y {
                 int a;
                 int b;
                 };
     
             struct Y y;
             struct Y yy[10];
             struct Y* p;
             };
     
     output file (for example m.s):
     	.equ W_d,0
     	.equ W_i,8
     	.equ Y_a,0
     	.equ Y_b,4
     	.equ X_a,0
     	.equ X_b,4
     	.equ X_y,8
     	.equ X_yy,16
     	.equ X_p,96

The `-offset-info' option has the following caveats:

*
     No directives are output for bit-field members.

*
     No directives are output for members who's offsets (as measured in
     bits) is greater than the word size of the host.

*
     No directives are output for members who's offsets are not
     constants.  This can happened only in structures which use some
     gcc specific extensions which allow for variable sized members.

`-fargument-alias'
`-fargument-noalias'
`-fargument-noalias-global'
     Specify the possible relationships among parameters and between
     parameters and global data.

     `-fargument-alias' specifies that arguments (parameters) may alias
     each other and may alias global storage.  `-fargument-noalias'
     specifies that arguments do not alias each other, but may alias
     global storage.  `-fargument-noalias-global' specifies that
     arguments do not alias each other and do not alias global storage.

     Each language will automatically use whatever option is required by
     the language standard.  You should not need to use these options
     yourself.

`-fleading-underscore'
     This option and its counterpart, -fno-leading-underscore, forcibly
     change the way C symbols are represented in the object file.  One
     use is to help link with legacy assembly code.

     Be warned that you should know what you are doing when invoking
     this option, and that not all targets provide complete support for
     it.


File: gcc.info,  Node: Environment Variables,  Next: Running Protoize,  Prev: Offset info Option,  Up: Invoking GCC

Environment Variables Affecting GCC
===================================

   This section describes several environment variables that affect how
GCC operates.  Some of them work by specifying directories or prefixes
to use when searching for various kinds of files. Some are used to
specify other aspects of the compilation environment.

   Note that you can also specify places to search using options such as
`-B', `-I' and `-L' (*note Directory Options::.).  These take
precedence over places specified using environment variables, which in
turn take precedence over those specified by the configuration of GCC.
*Note Driver::.

`LANG'
`LC_CTYPE'
`LC_MESSAGES'
`LC_ALL'
     These environment variables control the way that GCC uses
     localization information that allow GCC to work with different
     national conventions.  GCC inspects the locale categories
     `LC_CTYPE' and `LC_MESSAGES' if it has been configured to do so.
     These locale categories can be set to any value supported by your
     installation.  A typical value is `en_UK' for English in the United
     Kingdom.

     The `LC_CTYPE' environment variable specifies character
     classification.  GCC uses it to determine the character boundaries
     in a string; this is needed for some multibyte encodings that
     contain quote and escape characters that would otherwise be
     interpreted as a string end or escape.

     The `LC_MESSAGES' environment variable specifies the language to
     use in diagnostic messages.

     If the `LC_ALL' environment variable is set, it overrides the value
     of `LC_CTYPE' and `LC_MESSAGES'; otherwise, `LC_CTYPE' and
     `LC_MESSAGES' default to the value of the `LANG' environment
     variable.  If none of these variables are set, GCC defaults to
     traditional C English behavior.

`TMPDIR'
     If `TMPDIR' is set, it specifies the directory to use for temporary
     files.  GCC uses temporary files to hold the output of one stage of
     compilation which is to be used as input to the next stage: for
     example, the output of the preprocessor, which is the input to the
     compiler proper.

`GCC_EXEC_PREFIX'
     If `GCC_EXEC_PREFIX' is set, it specifies a prefix to use in the
     names of the subprograms executed by the compiler.  No slash is
     added when this prefix is combined with the name of a subprogram,
     but you can specify a prefix that ends with a slash if you wish.

     If `GCC_EXEC_PREFIX' is not set, GNU CC will attempt to figure out
     an appropriate prefix to use based on the pathname it was invoked
     with.

     If GCC cannot find the subprogram using the specified prefix, it
     tries looking in the usual places for the subprogram.

     The default value of `GCC_EXEC_PREFIX' is `PREFIX/lib/gcc-lib/'
     where PREFIX is the value of `prefix' when you ran the `configure'
     script.

     Other prefixes specified with `-B' take precedence over this
     prefix.

     This prefix is also used for finding files such as `crt0.o' that
     are used for linking.

     In addition, the prefix is used in an unusual way in finding the
     directories to search for header files.  For each of the standard
     directories whose name normally begins with
     `/usr/local/lib/gcc-lib' (more precisely, with the value of
     `GCC_INCLUDE_DIR'), GCC tries replacing that beginning with the
     specified prefix to produce an alternate directory name.  Thus,
     with `-Bfoo/', GCC will search `foo/bar' where it would normally
     search `/usr/local/lib/bar'.  These alternate directories are
     searched first; the standard directories come next.

`COMPILER_PATH'
     The value of `COMPILER_PATH' is a colon-separated list of
     directories, much like `PATH'.  GCC tries the directories thus
     specified when searching for subprograms, if it can't find the
     subprograms using `GCC_EXEC_PREFIX'.

`LIBRARY_PATH'
     The value of `LIBRARY_PATH' is a colon-separated list of
     directories, much like `PATH'.  When configured as a native
     compiler, GCC tries the directories thus specified when searching
     for special linker files, if it can't find them using
     `GCC_EXEC_PREFIX'.  Linking using GCC also uses these directories
     when searching for ordinary libraries for the `-l' option (but
     directories specified with `-L' come first).

`C_INCLUDE_PATH'
`CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH'
`OBJC_INCLUDE_PATH'
     These environment variables pertain to particular languages.  Each
     variable's value is a colon-separated list of directories, much
     like `PATH'.  When GCC searches for header files, it tries the
     directories listed in the variable for the language you are using,
     after the directories specified with `-I' but before the standard
     header file directories.

`DEPENDENCIES_OUTPUT'
     If this variable is set, its value specifies how to output
     dependencies for Make based on the header files processed by the
     compiler.  This output looks much like the output from the `-M'
     option (*note Preprocessor Options::.), but it goes to a separate
     file, and is in addition to the usual results of compilation.

     The value of `DEPENDENCIES_OUTPUT' can be just a file name, in
     which case the Make rules are written to that file, guessing the
     target name from the source file name.  Or the value can have the
     form `FILE TARGET', in which case the rules are written to file
     FILE using TARGET as the target name.

`LANG'
     This variable is used to pass locale information to the compiler.
     One way in which this information is used is to determine the
     character set to be used when character literals, string literals
     and comments are parsed in C and C++.  When the compiler is
     configured to allow multibyte characters, the following values for
     `LANG' are recognized:

    `C-JIS'
          Recognize JIS characters.

    `C-SJIS'
          Recognize SJIS characters.

    `C-EUCJP'
          Recognize EUCJP characters.

     If `LANG' is not defined, or if it has some other value, then the
     compiler will use mblen and mbtowc as defined by the default
     locale to recognize and translate multibyte characters.


File: gcc.info,  Node: Running Protoize,  Prev: Environment Variables,  Up: Invoking GCC

Running Protoize
================

   The program `protoize' is an optional part of GNU C.  You can use it
to add prototypes to a program, thus converting the program to ANSI C
in one respect.  The companion program `unprotoize' does the reverse:
it removes argument types from any prototypes that are found.

   When you run these programs, you must specify a set of source files
as command line arguments.  The conversion programs start out by
compiling these files to see what functions they define.  The
information gathered about a file FOO is saved in a file named `FOO.X'.

   After scanning comes actual conversion.  The specified files are all
eligible to be converted; any files they include (whether sources or
just headers) are eligible as well.

   But not all the eligible files are converted.  By default,
`protoize' and `unprotoize' convert only source and header files in the
current directory.  You can specify additional directories whose files
should be converted with the `-d DIRECTORY' option.  You can also
specify particular files to exclude with the `-x FILE' option.  A file
is converted if it is eligible, its directory name matches one of the
specified directory names, and its name within the directory has not
been excluded.

   Basic conversion with `protoize' consists of rewriting most function
definitions and function declarations to specify the types of the
arguments.  The only ones not rewritten are those for varargs functions.

   `protoize' optionally inserts prototype declarations at the
beginning of the source file, to make them available for any calls that
precede the function's definition.  Or it can insert prototype
declarations with block scope in the blocks where undeclared functions
are called.

   Basic conversion with `unprotoize' consists of rewriting most
function declarations to remove any argument types, and rewriting
function definitions to the old-style pre-ANSI form.

   Both conversion programs print a warning for any function
declaration or definition that they can't convert.  You can suppress
these warnings with `-q'.

   The output from `protoize' or `unprotoize' replaces the original
source file.  The original file is renamed to a name ending with
`.save'.  If the `.save' file already exists, then the source file is
simply discarded.

   `protoize' and `unprotoize' both depend on GCC itself to scan the
program and collect information about the functions it uses.  So
neither of these programs will work until GCC is installed.

   Here is a table of the options you can use with `protoize' and
`unprotoize'.  Each option works with both programs unless otherwise
stated.

`-B DIRECTORY'
     Look for the file `SYSCALLS.c.X' in DIRECTORY, instead of the
     usual directory (normally `/usr/local/lib').  This file contains
     prototype information about standard system functions.  This option
     applies only to `protoize'.

`-c COMPILATION-OPTIONS'
     Use  COMPILATION-OPTIONS as the options when running `gcc' to
     produce the `.X' files.  The special option `-aux-info' is always
     passed in addition, to tell `gcc' to write a `.X' file.

     Note that the compilation options must be given as a single
     argument to `protoize' or `unprotoize'.  If you want to specify
     several `gcc' options, you must quote the entire set of
     compilation options to make them a single word in the shell.

     There are certain `gcc' arguments that you cannot use, because they
     would produce the wrong kind of output.  These include `-g', `-O',
     `-c', `-S', and `-o' If you include these in the
     COMPILATION-OPTIONS, they are ignored.

`-C'
     Rename files to end in `.C' instead of `.c'.  This is convenient
     if you are converting a C program to C++.  This option applies
     only to `protoize'.

`-g'
     Add explicit global declarations.  This means inserting explicit
     declarations at the beginning of each source file for each function
     that is called in the file and was not declared.  These
     declarations precede the first function definition that contains a
     call to an undeclared function.  This option applies only to
     `protoize'.

`-i STRING'
     Indent old-style parameter declarations with the string STRING.
     This option applies only to `protoize'.

     `unprotoize' converts prototyped function definitions to old-style
     function definitions, where the arguments are declared between the
     argument list and the initial `{'.  By default, `unprotoize' uses
     five spaces as the indentation.  If you want to indent with just
     one space instead, use `-i " "'.

`-k'
     Keep the `.X' files.  Normally, they are deleted after conversion
     is finished.

`-l'
     Add explicit local declarations.  `protoize' with `-l' inserts a
     prototype declaration for each function in each block which calls
     the function without any declaration.  This option applies only to
     `protoize'.

`-n'
     Make no real changes.  This mode just prints information about the
     conversions that would have been done without `-n'.

`-N'
     Make no `.save' files.  The original files are simply deleted.
     Use this option with caution.

`-p PROGRAM'
     Use the program PROGRAM as the compiler.  Normally, the name `gcc'
     is used.

`-q'
     Work quietly.  Most warnings are suppressed.

`-v'
     Print the version number, just like `-v' for `gcc'.

   If you need special compiler options to compile one of your program's
source files, then you should generate that file's `.X' file specially,
by running `gcc' on that source file with the appropriate options and
the option `-aux-info'.  Then run `protoize' on the entire set of
files.  `protoize' will use the existing `.X' file because it is newer
than the source file.  For example:

     gcc -Dfoo=bar file1.c -aux-info
     protoize *.c

You need to include the special files along with the rest in the
`protoize' command, even though their `.X' files already exist, because
otherwise they won't get converted.

   *Note Protoize Caveats::, for more information on how to use
`protoize' successfully.

   Note most of this information is out of date and superseded by the
EGCS install procedures.  It is provided for historical reference only.

